GIRM Orthopraxis: Using Gregorian chant and vernacular homophony together - an illustration of its richness
To follow up on the previous post on antiphons taking precedence over hymns, as well as address romy’s and Bernard Brandt’s comments, I have quickly prepared an example of how the Gregorian chant can be employed at the Communion, while singing the verses suggested by the Graduale Romanum in the vernacular using homophony.
The antiphon is the Communio from the Baptism of the Lord: “All who are baptized in Christ have put on Christ” (Galatians 3, 27). The 1963 Grail Psalter translation is used for the verses*, while the Gelineau tone that corresponds with Mode II (found in all non-Gather GIA hymnals) provides the basis for the homophony.
Here is the “rough cut”. (AM-quality MP3, 1.1MB, 2:47)
Antiphon: Omnes qui in Christo baptizáti estis, Christum induístis, allelúia.
Verse 1: Psalm 28(29), 1. 2
Antiphon: Omnes…
Verse 2: Psalm 28(29), 3. 4
Antiphon: Omnes…
Verse 3: Psalm 28(29), 5. 7-8
Antiphon: Omnes…
Verse 4: Psalm 28(29), 10. 11
Antiphon: Omnes…
In the recording, Verse 3 is omitted to save disk space. If employed with this interpretation, the entire Communio would be stretched to 3:30-3:45.
This is only one example of “dressing up the music” while “sticking to the book”. Different types of music and languages may be used for the verses if pastorally necessary or desirable. The music for the verses may be reinforced or embellished with instruments. Instead of the Gregorian chant, a musical setting of the approved vernacular could be composed and utilized—I would keep the composition in the same mode as the original Gregorian. Another setting or translation could be used for the verses.
Here’s a crazy thought—if given encouragement and accessible music (psalm tones, etc), the faithful could even sing the verses while the choir took up the antiphon.
There is a richness of possibilities in the “restrictive” first option that is “dictated” by the “repressive” General Instruction of the Roman Missal. If it is followed, pastors, liturgists and church musicians will be following a key objective of authentic liturgical renewal, which is giving the faithful more exposure to the richness of Sacred Scripture during the course of the Mass, and even encouraging them to share in its proclamation. At the same time, they will be giving Latin the “pride of place” called for by Sacrosanctum Concilium.
This prompts me to recall a brouhaha over “conservatives” and “progressives” regarding the discouragement by the USCCB’s Bishops’ Committee on the Liturgy from using devotional hymns during the Communion. I have looked at the psalm verses suggested by the Graduale Romanum for the Sunday and holyday Communion antiphons. In my opinion, the suggestions frankly blow the vast majority of devotional hymns out of the water in so many ways: in relevance to the feast, season, and rite.
In this particular example, there is a wealth of imagery in the Grail translation of the verses that complements imagery found in the day’s Gospel (Ps. 28(29):3-5, 8), the sacrament of Baptism (Ps. 28(29):3, 7, 10b), the narratives of Creation and Noah (Ps. 28(29):3-4, 10b) Pentecost and the sacrament of Confirmation (Ps. 28(29): 7), the Kingship of Christ (Ps. 28(29):2b, 10), and the benefits of being in communion with him (Ps. 28(29):11). And, here’s the clincher—this psalm calls us to adore! (Ps. 28(29):1-2).
Suddenly, Adoro te becomes what its author describes his entire corpus of work.
I claim no special insight into the mind of the USCCB regarding their original motives to discourage devotional hymns at Communion. Regardless of motive, upon further examination, they are right—we should be singing devotional psalms. Still, pastoral sensitivity allows for devotional hymns.
*The copyright holder of the Grail Psalter shut down a site containing the contents of the Psalter, which is why the translation is not included in this post. Hopefully some of the words can be understood in the recording, even though it’s rough.
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7 Comments
I am unable to download the mp3. Is it just me, or does anyone else have this problem?
[The link is now fixed. -AAE]
Aristotle, I am not arguing, I am asking — you refer to “the USCCB’s discouragement of devotional hymns during the Communion.”
Did the USCCB, per se, ever discourage this, or was it only the BCL which did so?
[Geri, you're correct - it was the BCL. The post has been revised to reflect this. - AAE]
This is excellent. I have long been puzzled over why we never sing the Introit or Communion verses as is prescribed by the rite itself and by the GIRM. Most parishes I have been to recite the appropriate verses printed in the disposable missalette at daily Mass where hymns are rarely sung; but at Sunday Mass the hymnody is always from the missalette/hymnal and never from the actual propers of the day. This is indeed perplexing and your proposed solution seems to strike a balance between Sacrosanctum Concilium’s call for Latin to remain in the liturgy while also permitting the vernacular. Your solution allows the faithful, who may not understand Latin or may not be able adequately to learn Gregorian Chant, still to participate by singing the verses antiphonally in English to a simple tone (such as a Meinrad tone, which most anyone can pick up). The choir, meanwhile, can sing the antiphon in Latin to the appropriate traditional chant. Theoretically this should satisfy even the most ardent adherents to the banal idea of “busy” active participation - everyone is doing something (and, as an added bonus, we’re doing what the books say).
The question remains for me, however, to what extent regular hymns (and I mean good hymns, e.g. ones like “Crown Him With Many Crowns”, “Alleluia! Sing to Jesus”, and other hymns of praise with good theology and good musical form) have any place remaining. It has been my impression that, since the Mass ends with the final blessing, a recessional hymn is not really appropriate, but rather only the postlude. I’ve been to parishes where they do it this way (for example, St. Agnes Parish in St. Paul, MN), and it was quite well done and seemed fitting. It would seem that both the introit and an opening hymn could be used - for example, at the seminary, when we have a Latin Novus Ordo Mass on a feast day or solemnity, because of the fact that there is procession into the sanctuary and then the incensing of the altar, there is generally time to sing both a processional hymn, followed by the introit (usually timed to correspond with the incensation). There is also the time at the offertory, when a hymn could be sung, and depending on how large the communion procession is, perhaps both the communion antiphon and a communion meditation hymn could be sung while still allowing adequate time for silent meditation before the closing prayer.
In a sense I have been thinking out loud, and I apologize if these questions have been discussed before, as I have not always been able to read all the posts and replies due to a lack of time. But I greatly appreciate the work you are doing and am especially interested in this topic, particularly as I have been reading so much of the writings of (then) Cardinal Ratzinger recently and have become even more anxious (with him) to see the proper implementation of Vatican II come to pass.
“…the discouragement by the USCCB’s Bishops’ Committee on the Liturgy from using devotional hymns during the Communion…”
This surprises me actually. What did I miss and when? The demand that everyone sing devotional hymns at communion is a constant theme of circuit-riding liturgists and musicians–and the BCL is is constantly cited in support of this view.
Are there more details available on this?
[Susan Benofy's Adoremus Bulletin article has the details.
The American Adaptation to GIRM §56i, on the Communion song, states quite bluntly that:
Most Benediction hymns, by reason of their concentration on adoration rather than on Communion, are not acceptable, as indicated in the Instruction on music in the liturgy, no. 36.
The Instruction is Musicam Sacram. But MS §36 does not say that hymns expressing adoration are unsuitable as Communion hymns. It says only that other songs may sometimes be substituted for the Proper chants at the entrance, Offertory and Communion:
It is not sufficient, however, that these songs be merely "Eucharistic" they must be in keeping with the parts of the Mass, with the feast, or with the liturgical season. (MS §36)
Note that the discouragement is stated in the American adaptations for the old General Instruction, not the new IGMR. - AAE]
It is a sad fact that in most American parishes the more important a Mass is, the less likely it is to be solemnly celebrated.
Oh, a music director might get away with programming the propers a week later when hardly anyone one fulfills his obligation anyway, but just TRY to deprive Mass attendees of Joy to the World as the introit or Silent Night as the Communio on December 25th.
And the lack of interest or knowledge of the fact that prescribed texts even exist among those with oversight of the liturgy at a local level has been disheartening. (Though it seems to be getting better, and has always varied drastically from parish to parish.)
Many music directors who are or feel compelled to utilize the Four Hymn Sandwich (with Cheese,) make an effort to program the hymn in their community’s repertoire which best captures or paraphrases the proper that hymn will replace.
I have had argu… I mean, conversations with ersatz liturgists where the “rubric” was presented and tenaciously upheld that “Marian” hymns should be avoided during Mass, and NEVER under any condition sung at Communion, even when I have pointed out a Communion Antiphon such as “Hail, Mary, full of grace…” or “A Virgin shall conceive and bear a Son…”
(If you’re reading this, no, I don’t mean you, it was years ago.)
Geri, let’s not get too uptight about “Joy to the World,” which is a “psalm in metrical form” suitable for use as a responsorial psalm. It’s one of Isaac Watts’s great psalm paraphrases.
“Geri, let’s not get too uptight about ‘Joy to the World,’ which is a ‘psalm in metrical form’ suitable for use as a responsorial psalm. It’s one of Isaac Watts’s great psalm paraphrases.”
I agree. I am emphatically NOT of the “no Christmas carols at Mass” crowd (I was surprised to learn that there were people who took such a position.)
I merely note that it is sad that the way things have worked out, the more solemn the ocassion, the less likely it is to be celebrated solemnly.
The more I work in, and delve into the recent history of parochial musical practice , the more I wish we would embrace the idea of the (among others,) Low Mass, the more I wish that more “choices” were offered to us not so much in musical style but in degree of solemnity.








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