A Musical Journey through GIRM: § 41 - Sacrosanctum Concilium Revisited

This entry is part 1 of 16 in the series “A Musical Journey through GIRM.”


Armed with Adobe Acrobat’s Find Text function, I will be perusing a PDF of the latest General Instruction of the Roman Missal and posting sections that concern music in the liturgy. I may comment on a couple of sections, and your comments are welcome as always.

[Note: Remember, I am not a liturgist. I did not go to the ND Center for Pastoral Liturgy, etc. I don't have a degree in liturgy, and heck, I don't even have a degree in music. I am an amateur (hopefully in the best sense of the word) and have been called a purist. But you knew all of that already, I'm sure.]

Today, we take a look at Article 41, which restates Sacrosanctum Concilium § 116 and provides reasons for its importance.

All other things being equal, Gregorian chant holds pride of place because it is proper to the Roman Liturgy. Other types of sacred music, in particular polyphony, are in no way excluded, provided that they correspond to the spirit of the liturgical action and that they foster the participation of all the faithful.

Since faithful from different countries come together ever more frequently, it is fitting that they know how to sing together at least some parts of the Ordinary of the Mass in Latin, especially the Creed and the Lord’s Prayer, set to the simpler melodies.

“Oh, no, Rome is taking a hard line!” some will say. Relax, the article says, “It is fitting,” and until a critical mass of believers take that to heart, we’re not going to experience a sung Credo anywhere except maybe at a 1962-missal High Mass. For my part, I believe it is fitting.

If this means that the USCCB’s Music in Catholic Worship § 69 is at long last deprecated, then great! Now what?

The worst reason to give to justify implementing this is to say, “Because GIRM says so.” That has the air of stifling authoritarianism, and it doesn’t sit well with most people. Instead, to encourage people out of charity to learn something new, to show them the beauty of the chant, and to say frankly that it is something to be loved would be far more effective. Quote the reason why Rome thinks it is fitting—for multiethnic parishes, this could be something that starts or strengthens unity among parishioners. Latin transcends English, Spanish, etc. as anecdotes have often shown.

Rome provides us with seven chant settings of the Credo and three settings of the Oratio Dominica found in various sources. All of the settings pose a fair challenge to the worshipper, but with repetition and charitable encouragement, most will be able to sing them, and quite well.

In practice, the Creed can be sung in unison by the entire assembly, or antiphonally. At the Christmas Midnight Mass I attended at St. Agnes in Manhattan, the choir sang a polyphonic setting of “Et incarnatus est de Spiritu Sancto ex Maria Virgine, et homo factus est”, while the rest of the Creed (III) was sung antiphonally between choir and assembly.

Learning these chants is not easy, but then our faith isn’t easy! But we believe it is rewarding, and I know mastering these beautiful chants will bring back a dimension that has been lacking in a lot of liturgies.

And, for those who are in the know, I have a special place in my heart for Credos I, IV, and VI (pre-1962 Kyriale) and the Ambrosian setting (found in the Graduale Simplex). The Ambrosian tone might be the most accessible one provided.

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10 Comments

For what it’s worth, when I was in Amsterdam 10 years ago, at whatever parish I went to Mass at the Credo was sung (in Latin) antiphonally between the choir and the congregation.

The Credo is next on our list for our Schola at my parish. Maybe next fall.

The parish up the street from me sings the Credo in Latin (and the Sanctus, Agnus Dei, etc… all but the Our Father). I still avoid it though, because of other liturgical craziness.

I don’t think the ND Center for Pastoral Liturgy is going to make you a good liturgist by any means ;)

Gordon: the practice of singing the Credo antiphonally seems to make the most sense pastorally.

Jeanetta: “Other liturgical craziness?” Pray, tell.

Mike: I was hoping someone would pick up on that. ;-)

Well, Aristotle, it’s your basic Rochester silliness. They’ve got a Religious Sister of Mercy and another lay woman (the one in charge of CCD) who give “homilies” (their talks are insipid and they use “the voice”), excessive use of EMEs, the EMEs receive before the priest, the EMEs fraction the Precious Blood (this is what really drove me away, random RSMs walking up to the altar, picking up the chalice and pouring it into other smaller chalices). There’s other stuff too, but those were the biggies. It’s the rich parish I’ve complained about before in my blog. They have a ton of priests, a great choir and organist, and you get the feeling people are there for a concert rather than the unbloody sacrifice of the Mass (big round of applause with a bowing choir). And did I mention that the fractioning thing really bothers me. I get touchy about people messing around with the Eucharist.

Unlike the experiences of those who have previously posted their comments, I have never celebrated a Mass where the Creed (Credo) was sung in any form. However Taize and others have musical settings which combine both Latin & English together. Let the assembly deal with a Latin refrain. Since it is no longer the “common” language ease them back into its use a little at a time.

As an unofficial “liturgist”/song leader in my parish, I would love for our congregation to chant Credo III, but I feel it’s not a priority right now. (I once heard that the Credo, being a declaration of faith, should be recited, not sung, but that’s another story.)

What I dearly, dearly want is for our congregation to start chanting the Kyrie, Gloria, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei in Latin, let alone the Credo. But I don’t know how I could get them started.

Our priests had advised me to always try to get the assembly to sing by singing only songs that they know (i.e., “Be Not Afraid,” “Here I am, Lord,” “Pescador,” “On Eagle’s Wings,” “Sing to the Mountain,” etc. - all carry-overs from liturgists and choirleaders before me) as much as possible.

And as much as possible, I try not to follow this advice, introducing the assembly to kosherer, more traditional hymns, i.e. “Shepherd of Souls,” “The Strife is O’er,” “Lord Who At Thy First Eucharist,” “Soul of My Savior.” Even with these old standards, there are always excuses that the assembly does not sing because they are “not familiar with the songs.”

With this sad state of affairs, is there any hope that my congregation will ever be able make it to the level of Gregorian chant?

Help!

Perhaps the way to get the people to learn and love the traditional stuff is (1) to start with the ones that are easily learnable [e.g. AABA melody structures] (2) to put some life into the accompaniment [e.g. changes in dynamics]

The newest issue of Today’s Liturgy (November 30, 2003), published by the OCP, runs a generally informative piece on the GIRM by J. Michael McMahon, who is the president and CEO of NAPM. But on the issue of Article 41 he is not so informative.

His piece is perhaps 2000 words long but on the subject of Article 41 he manages only the following statement: “This fifth edition, for example, quotes directly from Vatican II’s Sacrosanctum Concilium SC (1963) regarding the use of Gregorian chant, polyphony and other appropriate musical styles.”

From this sentence, the reader is left to wonder whether chant and polyphony are recommended or discouraged or what. One might think that a musician writing in a music publication addressed to musicians would mention that the GIRM plainly says that chant holds “pride of place” and is “proper” to the Roman Rite–not that anyone would know this by looking at the weekly lineup recommended by the OCP.

Striking, isn’t it?

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A Musical Journey through GIRM